微网孤岛运行的分散自趋优控制策略

提出了一种适用于微网孤岛运行的分散自趋优控制策略,该策略无需微网中央控制器和通信系统即可实现系统的三次分层控制,包括分散一次控制、分散二次控制和分散三次控制。其中,一次控制沿用传统的线性下垂控制策略,保持了微网良好的线性动态特性;二次控制仅借助各台分布式发电机的输出端频率信息即可直接参与系统调频,使微网的频率能够维持在允许的范围内;三次控制采用考虑发电机成本的非线性下垂控制策略,使各台分布式发电机遵循等微增率准则,实现微网的优化运行。此外,通过设计不同时间常数的低通滤波器,使三次分层控制实现了动态解耦,使控制策略既能满足微网静态特性的要求,又具有良好的动态特性。最后,由仿真算例验证了所提控制策略的有效性。     

基于广义多项式混沌法的电力系统随机潮流

近年来,随着风、光电源的大量接入,系统运行的不确定性增大,考虑了系统运行随机因素的随机潮流受到更广泛的关注。提出了一种基于广义多项式混沌法的电力系统随机潮流计算方法。该方法利用广义多项式混沌法的正交多项式逼近思想,将系统的随机性分离至正交多项式基,并利用直角坐标潮流方程的二次性避免非线性潮流方程展开的高阶截断误差,进而利用随机Galerkin法,将随机潮流方程转换为一组确定性方程,通过此方程的求解获得随机潮流状态变量的正交多项式逼近系数,由此系数可获得相关变量的期望和方差,并可结合蒙特卡洛仿真,获得变量的概率密度。IEEE 9节点系统的算例表明,该方法的计算误差大致随多项式逼近阶数的上升而指数下降,通常条件下三阶逼近即可获得较高的精度,具有比蒙特卡洛仿真法更高的计算效率。     

Single transition metal atom catalysts on Ti2CN2 for efficient CO2 reduction reaction

Electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) is an efficient way in the utilization of CO₂. In this work, single transition-metal (TM) atom (TM = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) anchored on two-dimensional (2D) Ti₂CN₂ are designed for CO₂RR using density-functional-theory (DFT) calculation. We show that Ti₂CN₂ serves as an excellent substrate to support single atom catalysts (SACs), compared to Ti₂CO₂ and Ti₂CF₂. We find that the Sc, Ti and V supported on Ti₂CN₂ show high catalytic activities to produce CO with a low overpotential of 0.37, 0.27, and 0.23 eV, respectively. Differently, the Mn and Fe on Ti₂CN₂ are catalytically active for the production of HCOOH with a low overpotential of 0.32 and 0.43 eV, respectively. We further show that the negatively charged TM-Ti₂CN₂ can capture and activate CO₂ more effectively, and the catalytic activity and selectivity can be significantly tuned by injecting extra electrons.     

Glass Structure Changes in CO$_{2}$ -Laser Writing of Long-Period Fiber Gratings in Boron-Doped Single-Mode Fibers

We investigate in detail the process of CO₂-laser writing of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) in unannealed and annealed boron-doped fiber samples by using repeated scanning of CO₂-laser pulses. We find that the writing dynamics depends strongly on the CO₂-laser energy density and the annealing temperature of the fiber. Our results from analyzing the writing dynamics reveal the relative importance of various physical effects arising from glass structure changes due to different writing conditions and thus provide a better understanding of the formation and the properties of CO₂-laser written LPFGs.     

Evidence for compliance controlled oxygen vacancy and metal filament based resistive switching mechanisms in RRAM

We present electrical evidence on asymmetric metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) based test structures in support of the presence of two different independent switching mechanisms in a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device. The valid mechanism for switching depends on the compliance capping (I_gl) for forming/SET transition. Our results convincingly show that low compliance based switching only involves reversible oxygen ion drift to and from oxygen gettering gate electrodes, while high compliance switching involves formation and rupture of conductive metallic nanofilaments, as verified further by our physical analysis investigations. We have observed this unique dual mode switching mechanism only in NiSi-based gate electrodes, which have a moderate oxygen solubility as well as relatively low melting point.     

Carotenoids and Their Geometry Isomers in Selected Tropical Fruits

This study determined the carotenoids content in cherry tomato, pink guava, and red grapefruit pulps and juices. Cherry tomato pulp exhibited the highest β-carotene content whereas pink guava pulp had the highest lycopene content. However, β-carotene and lycopene contents in the studied fruit juices were lower than their pulps in the same sample portion. Interestingly, six to twelve cis-isomers of carotenoids were identified in the fruit pulps and juices studied. A higher number of trace amounts of cis-carotenoids was found in fruit pulps as compared to juices. Therefore, consumption of whole fruit is recommended as the studied fruit juices have lower carotenoids content.